糖尿病大鼠膀胱储尿期功能改变的实验研究

目的 研究糖尿病膀胱病变(Diabetic cystopathy，DCP)储尿期尿动力学特征及膀胱感觉功能障碍，为阐明DCP的发病机制提供实验依据。方法 分别以链脲佐菌素(STZ)、蔗糖诱导制作大鼠DCP模型及利尿模型，正常大鼠作对照。采用免疫组化结合图像分析技术观察膀胱感觉神经递质CGRP及其纤维改变；制备离体全膀胱，作膀胱灌注测压观察膀胱顺应性改变；放免法测定逼尿肌舒张信号转导分子cAMP。结果 DCP8周时，膀胱壁尤其是粘膜下层的CGRP及其神经纤维明显减少；离体膀胱测压显示糖尿病膀胱顺应性升高；膀胱舒张作用明显弱于对照组和利尿组，逼尿肌cAMP含量显著低于后者。结论 ①DCP对膀胱功能的损害是多方面的：CGRP为主要递质的粘膜下层膀胱容量感觉纤维明显减少，膀胱顺应性改变是DCP的致病机制之一。②DCP早期即已发生储尿期功能障碍，并且可能是膀胱收缩功能损伤的因素。③非糖尿病性利尿状态(多尿)对膀胱功能构成一定的损害作用，但不是DCP形成的主要原因。提示临床上对糖尿病患者作必要的尿动力学检查能较早发现DCP，有助于保护膀胱功能。     

Facilitating access to glucometer reagents increases blood glucose self-monitoring frequency and improves glycaemic control: a prospective study in insulin-treated diabetic patients.

AIMS: To investigate whether availability of glucometer reagents increases the frequency of self-blood glucose monitoring (SBGM) and improves glycaemic control in diabetic patients. METHODS: Sixty-two insulin-treated diabetic patients were randomized to two groups, matched for age, gender, education, income, type and duration of diabetes, years of insulin treatment, number of daily insulin injections, and haemoglobin (Hb)A1c. All patients were given a glucometer, but one group (no cost, NC) was provided glucometer test strips free of charge. The other group (control, C) had to purchase strips as they found it necessary. Both groups of patients were followed longitudinally at 2-monthly intervals for 12 months with measurement of blood glucose and HbA1c, and the frequency of SBGM was determined by downloading the glucometer memory. RESULTS: The SBGM frequency was significantly higher in the NC group vs. the C group during the first 4 months (2.0 +/- 0.2 tests/day vs. 1.4 +/- 0.1 tests/day, P<0.025). Mean HbA1c remained stable over the 12 months in the NC group, whereas an increase with time was observed in the C group. The difference in HbA1c between the two groups was significant (P<0.002) after 6 months. Random blood glucose measured at each visit and average glucose recorded by the glucometer were also lower in the NC group vs. the C group (P<0.005). There was a negative correlation between HbA1c and SBGM frequency, and HbA1c in patients testing at least twice a day was lower than in those testing less than twice a day (8.8 +/- 0.2% vs. 9.6 +/- 0.2%, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective study, having easy access to glucometer strips provided free of charge to patients increased SBGM frequency. The relationship between HbA1c and SBGM frequency supports the view that SBGM is an essential tool in diabetes management.     

浅快呼吸指数作为老年患者脱离呼吸机指标的评估

目的研究浅快呼吸指数是否可以作为老年患者的脱机指标。方法对即将脱机的患者进行潮气量(VT)、呼吸频率(RR)、呼吸系统静态顺应性(Crs)、浅快呼吸指数(RR/VT)、潮气量与体重的比值进行测定,并对数据进行统计学处理。结果在较短时间(<7 d)使用呼吸机的患者中,浅快呼吸指数的特异性及敏感性优于其他指标。在较长时间(≥7 d)使用呼吸机的患者中,其特异性和敏感性并不优于其他指标。结论在短时间使用呼吸机的患者中,浅快呼吸指数可以作为预测能否脱机的指标。在较长时间使用呼吸机的患者中,则需与其他指标一起进行综合考虑。     

医护人员洗手依从性的影响因素及其管理

对医护人员的洗手依从性现状及其影响因素进行分析，提出应通过加强医护人员洗手的教育和监督、改善洗手条件等综合措施，来提高医护人员洗手的依从性。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者卫生行为的调查及其健康教育

目的 探讨阶段性护理干预对复发性抑郁症患者生活质量、服药依从性及复发的影响。方法 将96例复发性抑郁症患者随机分为观察组和对照组各48例。两组均予以氟西汀系统治疗，对照组行常规护理；观黍组在此基础上分阶段实施护理干预，时间为8周，随后进行为期2年的随访。采用生活质量量表（QOL-100）分别于治疗前及随访结束时进行评估，并于随访6个月、1年、2年时了解两组患者的服药依从性、复发率及再住院情况。结果 随访结束时，两组患者的生活质量均有所改善（P〈0．05，P〈0．01），但观察组患者的生活质量总评、心理领域、独立性领域及社会关系领域评分显著优于对照组（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。观察组复发率及再住院率分别为10．42％和6．25％，均明显低于对照组的33．3％和27．1％（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）；而服药依从性显著高于对照组（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。结论 分阶段实施护理干预有助于改善复发性抑郁症患者的生活质量，提高服药依从性，降低复发及再住院率。     

影响恢复期精神病患者服药依从性的原因及防范对策

目的 调查影响恢复期精神病患者服药依从性的原因并提出防范对策.方法 用自制调查表对本院近两年的恢复期精神病患者106例进行调查.结果 影响恢复期精神病患者服药依从性的主要原因是:认为病好了,不需要再服药;怕吃了药无精神,影响正常生活;服了药难受;怕损害内脏器官;怕社会歧视;怕影响婚姻;怕变傻等.结论 根据影响恢复期精神病患者服药依从性特点,采取如下针对性防范对策:(1)帮助患者坚持服药维持治疗;(2)有的放矢耐心细致地解释;(3)做好健康教育;(4)发挥家庭和社会支持系统的作用.     

台州市原发性高血压病人用药依从性影响因素的研究

[目的]探讨影响社区原发性高血压病人用药依从性及其相关因素。[方法]对台州市5个社区居民中202例确诊的原发性高血压病人进行用药情况及其相关因素的问卷调查和血压测量。采用多元Logistic回归对用药依从性影响因素进行分析。[结果]原发性高血压病人用药依从率为31．2％，影响其用药依从性的因素有高血压病情轻重、病人对高血压痛知识了解多少、病人就医频率高低（P〈0．05）。[结论]对社区原发性高血压病人进行健康管理和健康教育。提高其对疾病的认知程度。则可提高用药依从性。     

The effect of a compliance enhancement strategy (self‐review) on the level of lens care compliance and contamination of contact lenses and lens care accessories

Purpose: The aims were to determine the level of compliance of contact lens wearers, to identify which procedures have highest levels of non‐compliance and to study the effectiveness of a compliance enhancement strategy on the level of compliance. Methods: The level of compliance for each subject was evaluated with a self‐administered questionnaire together with microbiological examination of their contact lenses, lens cases and lens care solutions. The effect of an intervention to improve the level of compliance was determined by a controlled trial. A regular self‐review exercise on proper lens handling was given to the test group once every three months for 12 months. The levels of compliance and contamination of contact lenses and lens care accessories between test and control groups were compared at the end of the 12‐month period to evaluate the effect of the intervention. Results: Sixty‐five subjects who were experienced contact lens wearers were recruited and 60 completed the study. All showed some degree of non‐compliance in the care of their contact lenses and lens accessories. Most (about 60 per cent) were non‐compliant with at least six of a total of 15 lens care procedures. The most common non‐compliant behaviour among contact lens wearers was associated with the care of the lens case. By the end of the study period, our compliance enhancement strategy did not appear to have had a significant effect on the behaviour of our subjects, except for improvement in the care of lens cases. Compliance for other procedures improved in both test and control groups. Conclusion: All subjects showed some degree of non‐compliance and the spectrum of non‐compliance was wide. The poorest levels of compliance were associated with care of the lens case, which was also the most frequently contaminated item. Our compliance enhancement strategy showed a significant difference in improvement in compliance between the intervention and control groups only in the care of lens cases.     

艾灸联合弥可保治疗糖尿病周围神经病变40例

目的评价艾灸联合弥可保治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的疗效。方法对糖尿病周围神经病变患者80例按1∶1比例等分为联合组和对照组,两组基于等同的基础治疗之上,联合组用艾灸联合弥可保治疗,对照组单纯用弥可保治疗,疗程3个月,比较治疗前后的神经传导速度变化和症状改善情况。结果联合组和对照组神经传导速度均改善,以联合组改善更明显;联合组和对照组显效、有效、无效分别是52.5%、32.5%、15.0%和35.0%、27.5%、37.5%,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论建立于基础治疗之上的艾灸联合弥可保治疗糖尿病周围神经病变优于单纯弥可保治疗。     

Travel distance, age, and sex as factors in follow-up visit compliance in the post-gastric bypass population

BACKGROUND: There is no consensus regarding the optimal rate of follow-up in the post-bariatric surgery patient population. METHODS: The records of all patients who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass from 2001 to 2003 were reviewed. Using patient zip codes, travel distances were calculated between the patients' places of residence and our clinic. Patients were then assigned to 1 of 3 cohorts according to the following distances: (1) < 50 miles, (2) 50 to 100 miles, and (3) > 100 miles. Patient compliance with follow-up appointments at 3 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months was analyzed. Linear trends were identified using the Mantel-Haenszel test. Age and sex were analyzed as possible predictors of compliance using the chi(2) test. P values < .05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The study group comprised 150 patients (127 females and 23 males). The 3 cohorts contained 115, 21, and 14 patients, respectively. All patients in each cohort were compliant with the 3-week follow-up appointment. Although there were differences in compliance between cohorts at each of the remaining appointments, only the 9-month (70.3% vs 61.9% vs 35.7%) visit showed statistical significance (P = .035). The 6-month visit trended toward significance (85.2% vs 76.2% vs 64.3%; P = .088). Males were more likely to be compliant with the 12-month follow-up (P = .040). When controlling for sex, travel distance was also a predictor of compliance at this follow-up visit (P = .024). Age was not predictive of compliance (P = .827). CONCLUSION: Based on our findings, we conclude that travel distance from the clinic does not significantly affect compliance at the initial follow-up, 3-month, and 12-month appointments. However, distance does tend to affect compliance at the 6-month appointment and significantly affects compliance at the 9-month appointment. Males are more likely to be compliant at the 12 month follow-up visit. We must continue to strive for 100% follow-up in our post-bariatric surgery patients.